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Zona mista ((:ˈdzɔːna ˈmista); in English language: "Mixed Zone"), often referred to as ''Gioco all'italiana'' ("The Game in the Italian style"), is a tactic used in Italian association football mainly since the second half of 1970s to mid-'90s. The introduction of this system has been attributed to Luigi Radice and Giovanni Trapattoni, then coaches of Torino Calcio and Juventus, respectively. The scheme reached the maximum sporting level with Trapattoni's Juventus, became 1985 club world champion, and the Italian national team managed by Enzo Bearzot, who would win the FIFA World Cup three years before, for the first time since 1938, with outstanding participation from the ''Blocco-Juve''. Regarded the tactical evolution of ''catenaccio'', its name derives on the willingness of each outfield player to perform, systematic and simultaneously, zonal marking and continuous attack on the spaces characteristic from ''totaalvoetbal'', introduced in Italy by former Ternana coach Corrado Viciani, and the defensive individual marking intrinsic of the Italian football school, yet the mostly used style of play in the country. So, a player who moves out of his position is replaced by another from his team, thus retaining the team's intended organisational structure. In this system each team member perform a different function, several players like the ''libero'', the ''terzino fluidificante'', the ''ala tornante'' and the ''mezzala'' simultaneously played roles in both defense and attack, while the ''regista'' (a.e. Michel Platini, Lothar Matthäus or Roberto Baggio) regularly run to the opponents' box to try and score; what made it a lot more versatile, fluid and offensive compared to rigid standard scheme used in Italic peninsula at the time.〔 The scheme, one of the first in use four defenders althrough aesthetically be more related to future 3-5-2 formation or an asymmetric 4-3-3 system, proved highly successful at national and international level: with it, the Torino won the 1975–76 Serie A, the first after the Superga air disaster; Juventus played some of their finest football ever, establishing the most enduring dynasty in the history of Italian football having won six league titles and two cups in the next ten years, a feat extended to the international spotlight starting in 1977 when the club won the UEFA Cup without foreign footballers, an unprecedented achievement for any country's team. Subsequently, the club lifted the Cup Winners' Cup, the European Champions Cup, the UEFA Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup, becaming the first ever—and remain the world's only one at present—to have won all possible official international competitions; achievements that allowed the Serie A to arrive for the first time at the top of the confederation ranking at the end of the 1985–86 season, a position maintained for the following three seasons. == History == In pure zonal defense, every midfielder and defender is given a particular zone on the field to cover. When a player moves outside his zone, his teammate expands his zone to cover the unmarked area. However, ''Catenaccio'' philosophy called for double-marking when dealing with strong players. ''Zona Mista'' was introduced combining the strength of zonal marking with that of ''Catenaccio''. In ''Zona Mista'', there are four defenders. A sweeper is free to roam and assist other defenders. A fullback plays in both defensive and advanced position, typically on the left flank. The two stoppers, who started then to be called "centre back", mark their zones. In the midfield, there are defensive midfielder, centre midfielder and the playmaker (#10) and a winger who covers typically the right flank and sometimes acts as an additional striker. ''Zona Mista'' employs two-prong attack. A centre forward plays upfront. A second striker plays wide to the left (a derivation of ''Catenaccios left winger) and drifts inside to act as a striker or to cover the playmaker when the playmaker drops into a defensive position. The new Italian tactic came to dominate national football in the late 1970s and early 1980s and reached its height with the highly successful Giovanni Trapattoni's Juventus and the Italian national team coached by Enzo Bearzot, mostly in their victory in the 1982 FIFA World Cup. Classy and skillful Gaetano Scirea was the ''libero'', Fulvio Collovati and tough tackling Claudio Gentile the centre backs, Antonio Cabrini the left wingback. Gabriele Oriali played as a holding midfielder, Marco Tardelli centre midfielder and Giancarlo Antognoni as playmaker. Its popularity, however, eventually led to its undoing as Italian teams became predictable. "By the late 1970s and early 1980s everybody in Italy was playing it" and "everyone marked man to man" according Italian journalist Ludovico Maradei (although, actually, the only position responsible for this was the #2). Ernst Happel's Hamburg would expose some predictability of that style against Juventus with a defensive approach in the 1983 European Champions' Cup Final.〔 However, the Torinese side continued to employ this tactic system with great success over the next decade under the management of Trapattoni and his former goalkeeper Dino Zoff, winning two Italian Championships, two national cups, one Intercontinental Cup, one European Champions' Cup, one Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Cups and one UEFA Super Cup.〔Before that date, the ''Bianconeri'' won four national championships, one Italian Cup and one UEFA Cup using ''Zona Mista'', cf. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zona mista」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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